Vulvodynia is a chronic pain syndrome occurring in 5–13% of women. It persists at least 3–6 months. The symptoms may affect the vulva, vagina, anus and even the buttocks, of different intensification and location. The pain can also be continuous or intermittent, poorly localized by the patient (unprovoked vulvodynia), can occur in response to touching (provoked vulvodynia) and may be associated with sexual activity (dyspareunia). Vulvodynia is a rarely diagnosed condition because of the low knowledge of health care providers, unexplained etiology and the difficulties in distinguishing it from other vulvovaginal pathologies. There are many factors producing vulvar symptoms, but in 80% of vulvodynia women, pelvic floor muscle instability or hyperactivity are found primarily or secondarily (Overactive Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction). These are two potential mechanisms of sensitization and pain caused by pelvic floor muscle overactivity: hypoxia and trigger points in muscle, fascia and ligament tissue. The exclusion of vulvovaginal diseases (e.g. sexually transmitted diseses), dermatological, neurological disorders, orthopedic and rheumatologic or oncologic conditions, even allergic reactions, is crucial for diagnosis because vulvodynia is diagnosed from exclusion. In this work the etiology, classification and the most common vulvodynia method treatment were introduced.