Based on the analysis of anatomical drawings of Leonardo da Vinci an attempt to reconstruct his method was undertaken. A lack of fixation method of cadavers limited the period of their utilization. As a result – the pictures of superficially located, easily accessible structures are more precisely depicted than those of internal organs. The authors formulated a hypothesis that Leonardo had used bones found in graves. He did not use the bones from sectioned cadavers. Such opinion has been presented for the first time in literature concerning posthumous works of Leonardo da Vinci as an anatomist. Some of Leonardo’s anatomical drawings are a combination of real pictures with imaginary ones.