Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in men worldwide. Geographic variations in incidence and mortality suggest a significant role of both genetic and environmental factors. A literature review was conducted, covering 220 scientific articles published in the last 10 years, among the databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central. The analysis focused on risk factors for prostate cancer, including age, genetic predisposition, lifestyle, diet, comorbidities, and pharmacotherapy. The non-modifiable risk factors were age over 50, positive family history, and genetic predispositions (e.g., BRCA2 or HOXB13 mutations). Among the modifiable factors, obesity and diets rich in saturated fats, red and processed meat, and dairy products were associated with increased risk. Conversely, the consumption of tomatoes, soy products, coffee, and tea was linked to reduced risk. Associations with physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of metabolic drugs remain inconclusive. Identifying prostate cancer risk factors is crucial for the development of preventive strategies. Promoting healthy lifestyle habits, maintaining proper body weight, and adopting a balanced diet may significantly reduce risk. Although many factors are non-modifiable, their recognition enables more personalized prevention and diagnostic approaches.