Sheehan syndrome is a condition of postpartum failure or complete necrosis of the pituitary gland in women, caused by a postpartum hemorrhage. It is most often chronic and reveals itself many years after delivery. Women develop pituitary insufficiency as a result of postpartum hemorrhage, leading to a deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones. Sheehan syndrome is rare, and its diagnosis and course are influenced by the quality of obstetric care provided. Frequent growth hormone deficiency causes metabolic complications, e.g., lipid profile abnormalities or insulin resistance. The disease also affects the mental health of patients, reducing quality of life. The basic form of treatment is pharmacological supplementation of the deficient hormones. Sheehan syndrome is an increasingly recognizable disease which – properly diagnosed and treated – will not significantly affect the patient’s health. An essential adverse factor is late diagnosis, which reduces the effectiveness of treatment and risks the development of serious complications. Articles about Sheehan syndrome, postpartum hemorrhage and pituitary insufficiency were searched in the PubMed database using following keywords in English: “Sheehan syndrome,” “treatment,” “pituitary dysfunction,” “hemorrhage,” “postpartum hemorrhage,” and “cardiovascular.” Materials from the library collection of the Medical University of Silesia Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze were also used. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge about Sheehan syndrome in terms of its epidemiology, etiology, treatment methods, and complications.