Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the central nervous system caused by viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae. The disease manifests with a range of symptoms, including fever, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and neurological complications, such as meningoencephalitis and paralysis. These symptoms can have severe and long-lasting consequences for human health, potentially leading to permanent neurological damage or even death. Recent epidemiological trends reveal a marked and alarming increase in TBE cases across Poland and the Baltic states, signaling an emerging public health threat in these regions. This article aims to highlight the growing prevalence of TBE in Poland, examining environmental and socio-economic factors contributing to the virus’s spread. Additionally, it outlines proposed strategies for the implementation of an effective control and prevention plan that includes public awareness campaigns, vaccination programs, and tick control measures. By presenting comprehensive data on TBE transmission, incidence rates, and the socio-economic burden of the disease, this article underscores the critical importance of preventing the spread of TBE and safeguarding public health.