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Tick-borne encephalitis and differential diagnosis
1
Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Oddziale Pediatrii i Neurologii Wieku Rozwojowego, Górnośląskie Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka im. św. Jana Pawła II, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 6 Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach, Polska / Students’ Scientific Club, Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Neurology, Upper Silesian Child Health Center named after John Paul II, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 6 of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
2
Oddział Pediatrii i Neurologii Wieku Rozwojowego, Górnośląskie Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka im. św. Jana Pawła II, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 6 Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach, Polska / Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Neurology, Upper Silesian Child Health Center named after John Paul II, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 6 of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Corresponding author
Patrycja Ochman-Pasierbek
Oddział Pediatrii i Neurologii Wieku Rozwojowego, Górnośląskie Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka im. św. Jana Pawła II, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 6 Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach, ul. Medyków 16, 40-752 Katowice
Oddział Pediatrii i Neurologii Wieku Rozwojowego, Górnośląskie Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka im. św. Jana Pawła II, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 6 Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach, ul. Medyków 16, 40-752 Katowice
Ann. Acad. Med. Siles. 2024;78:234-247
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans by tick bites. The prevalence of TBE is between 10,000 and 15,000 cases annually and is comparable in Europe and Asia. About 10–20% of all infected persons are children. The vast majority of TBE cases, even up to 70–98% of them, are asymptomatic or undiagnosed. The main clinical symptoms are meningitis (present in 69%), meningoencephalitis (30%), and meningoencephalomyelitis (1%). About 2.1% of patients develop long-term neurological sequelae.
Methods:
The articles for our work were selected from three open-access databases. The databases were searched using keywords such as: “infection/epidemiology” + “tick bites/tick-borne encephalitis” + “clinical manifestation/pathogenesis/treatment” and “aseptic/viral/bacterial” + “encephalitis/meningitis”. Ultimately, 71 scientific articles and 8 websites, published between 1995 to 2023 were used.
State of knowledge:
TBE can be differentiated from diseases such as babesiosis, Lyme disease, southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI), chlamydiosis, ehrlichiosis, Colorado tick fever (CTF), Heartland virus (HRTV), Powassan virus (POWV), granulocytic anaplasmosis, tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), toxoplasmosis, tularemia, rickettsioses; or similar symptomatology: stroke, brucellosis, infectious mononucleosis (IM), yellow fever (YF), Japanese encephalitis (JE), other viral meningitis, encephalitis, spinal cord inflammation and aseptic meningitis.
Conclusions:
The differential diagnosis of TBE is extensive and should include a wide range of central nervous system infections caused by both other infectious agents and non-infectious diseases.
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans by tick bites. The prevalence of TBE is between 10,000 and 15,000 cases annually and is comparable in Europe and Asia. About 10–20% of all infected persons are children. The vast majority of TBE cases, even up to 70–98% of them, are asymptomatic or undiagnosed. The main clinical symptoms are meningitis (present in 69%), meningoencephalitis (30%), and meningoencephalomyelitis (1%). About 2.1% of patients develop long-term neurological sequelae.
Methods:
The articles for our work were selected from three open-access databases. The databases were searched using keywords such as: “infection/epidemiology” + “tick bites/tick-borne encephalitis” + “clinical manifestation/pathogenesis/treatment” and “aseptic/viral/bacterial” + “encephalitis/meningitis”. Ultimately, 71 scientific articles and 8 websites, published between 1995 to 2023 were used.
State of knowledge:
TBE can be differentiated from diseases such as babesiosis, Lyme disease, southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI), chlamydiosis, ehrlichiosis, Colorado tick fever (CTF), Heartland virus (HRTV), Powassan virus (POWV), granulocytic anaplasmosis, tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), toxoplasmosis, tularemia, rickettsioses; or similar symptomatology: stroke, brucellosis, infectious mononucleosis (IM), yellow fever (YF), Japanese encephalitis (JE), other viral meningitis, encephalitis, spinal cord inflammation and aseptic meningitis.
Conclusions:
The differential diagnosis of TBE is extensive and should include a wide range of central nervous system infections caused by both other infectious agents and non-infectious diseases.
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