Introduction:
Brain tumors are a complex group of neoplasms originating from various cell types within the central nervous system. Their classification, based on histopathological and molecular characteristics, guides therapeutic strategies and prognosis. Advances in neuroimaging and biopsy techniques have enhanced diagnostic accuracy, allowing for tailored and more effective treatment approaches. Brain biopsy (BB) is an indispensable neurosurgical procedure for the histological diagnosis of neoplastic brain lesions, playing a pivotal role in patient management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the histological outcomes of BBs and to identify the age groups, gender distribution, topography, and different histological types of brain tumors.

Material and methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a single academic medical center, analyzing 112 patients who underwent BB between January 2017 and August 2023. The study focused on the histological results and molecular markers obtained from stereotactic and neuronavigated brain biopsies, examining the success rate in achieving diagnostic samples and the application of the brain tumor classification system developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). We also studied correlations between histological result and complications.

Results:
Histological examination confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of BB, with a similar distribution of success between stereotactic and neuronavigated methods. The WHO classification of brain tumors was applied to categorize the lesions, which facilitated standardized treatment planning. The study observed a low rate of complications, demonstrating the procedure’s safety.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study indicate that the spectrum of brain tumor diagnoses in our cohort closely parallels global epidemiological trends. The WHO classification framework enabled enhanced diagnostic precision and facilitated standardized therapeutic decision-making.