Introduction:
Gender is a combination of psychological characteristics ascribed by culture to men or women. It is unrelated to biological sex but affects one’s experiences, reactions and behavior. The aim of the study was to compare the psychological gender of women involved in different forms of physical activity.

Material and methods:
We examined 112 adult women who have been practicing yoga (Group A) or other group activities (Group B) at least once monthly for at least 1 month. We used the Sex Role Inventory (SRI) and short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

Results:
There were no statistically significant differences between Group A and Group B with regard to age, body mass, BMI, or duration of physical activity per week (p > 0.05). The mean IPAQ score was high in both groups (> 1500 MET); the difference between the groups was not significant (p > 0.05). The majority of subjects from Group A displayed feminine gender (57.14%) as measured by the SRI, followed by undetermined (28.57%), androgynous (10.71%), and masculine (3.57%). The majority of subjects from Group B exhibited androgynous (35.71%) gender, followed by undetermined (33.93%), masculine (23.21%), and feminine (7.14%). The differences between the groups were significant in that regard (p < 0.001). No relationship between the results of the SRI and IPAQ questionnaire was noted (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Women practicing yoga differ with respect to the type of psychological gender from women involved in other physical activities. Feminine gender dominates in the first group, while androgynous is most common in the latter.