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Gastrointestinal disorders associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in children aged 0–3 years
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
2
Department of Occupational Medicine and Health, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom,
Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
3
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Corresponding author
Aleksander Kwiatkowski
Katedra i Zakład Anatomii Prawidłowej, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Katowicach ŚUM, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice
Katedra i Zakład Anatomii Prawidłowej, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Katowicach ŚUM, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice
Ann. Acad. Med. Siles. 2026;80:238-251
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in gastrointestinal and systemic health. Early childhood (0–3 years) is a critical period for microbiota development and disturbances during this time may result in functional gastrointestinal disorders such as colic, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation and may increase the risk of chronic diseases later in life. This review analyzes the current evidence on factors which shape the gut microbiota, including mode of delivery, feeding practices, antibiotic exposure, diet, and stress. Diagnostic methods such as stool analysis, DNA microbiota testing, and the Organix Gastro test are discussed, along with preventive and therapeutic approaches. Gut dysbiosis in children aged 0–3 years is strongly associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction and may predispose the patient to allergies, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic diseases. Vaginal delivery, breastfeeding, and avoiding unnecessary antibiotic therapy have a protective role. Preventive and therapeutic strategies include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fiber-rich diets, and behavioral as well as environmental interventions. Early diagnosis and targeted interventions can significantly improve gastrointestinal health in young children and reduce the risk of long-term complications. An integrated approach combining microbiota diagnostics, nutritional management, supplementation, and parental education is essential for effective prevention and treatment.
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