Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in children could be initially maintained on conservative treatment but at the end it leads unavoidably to renal replacement therapy application. Disease progression in children not exclusively aff ects renal function but also causes systemic complications (proteinuria consequences, cardiovascular complications, anemia, calcium-phosphate metabolism disorders, metabolic acidosis, hypostature, hypertension, chronic systemic infl ammation and malnutrition). Psychological aspect of CKD should not be forgotten because as other chronic illnesses, it aff ects both the quality of life of a child and the whole family. Early diagnosis of CKD gives a chance for the eff ective control of disease symptoms and for the prolongation of the period on conservative treatment. During the predialytic period the child and the family could be better prepared for renal replacement therapy or pre-emptive transplantation. In conclusion, diagnostic and treatment procedures require an achievement of good cooperation and close contact with the child and its family by the specialized team (pediatrician, nephrologist, dialysis nurse, psychologist, dietetician and social worker) at each treatment stage. Predialytic period is the time when child and his family inevitably experience the harmful consequences of CKD. The important task for the medical staff is the optimalization of the methods of treatment.