SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie:
Kleszczowe zapalenie mózgu (tick-borne encephalitis – TBE) jest chorobą wywoływaną przez wirusa kleszczowego zapalenia mózgu, który jest przenoszony przez ukąszenia kleszczy. Rozpowszechnienie TBE ocenia się na 10,000–15,000 przypadków rocznie i jest porównywalne dla krajów europejskich i azjatyckich. Około 10–20% wszystkich zainfekowanych osób jest w wieku dziecięcym. Znaczna większość, bo aż 70–98% z nich, przechodzi tę chorobę bezobjawowo lub jest niezdiagnozowana. Do głównych objawów klinicznych zalicza się zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych (obecne w 69% przypadków) i mózgu (30%) oraz rdzenia kręgowego (1%). U około 2,1% pacjentów rozwijają się długotrwałe następstwa neurologiczne.

Metodyka:
Artykuły do pracy zostały wybrane z trzech ogólnodostępnych baz danych. Wykorzystano w tym celu następujące hasła: „infection/epidemiology” + „tick bites/tick-borne encephalitis” + „clinical manifestation/pathogenesis/treatment” oraz „aseptic/viral/bacterial” + „encephalitis/meningitis”. Ostatecznie wybrano 71 prac naukowych i 8 witryn internetowych opublikowanych w latach 1995–2023.

Stan wiedzy:
TBE, ze względu na wektor kleszczowy, może być różnicowane z takimi jednostkami chorobowymi jak: babeszjoza, borelioza, południowa wysypka związana z kleszczami (southern tick-associated rash illness – STARI), chlamydioza, erlichioza, gorączka kleszczowa Kolorado (Colorado tick fever – CTF), wirus Heartland (HRTV), wirus Powassan (POWV), anaplazmoza granulocytarna, dur powrotny (tick-borne relapsing fever – TBRF), toksoplazmoza, tularemia, riketsjozy; lub z jednostkami o podobnej symptomatologii, takimi jak: udar mózgu, bruceloza, mononukleoza zakaźna (infectious mononucleosis – IM), żółta febra (yellow fever – YF), japońskie zapalenie mózgu (Japanese encephalitis – JE), inne wirusowe zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych, mózgu, rdzenia kręgowego oraz aseptyczne zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych.

Wnioski:
Diagnostyka różnicowa TBE jest obszerna i powinna obejmować szeroki zakres zakażeń ośrodkowego układu nerwowego wywołanych zarówno przez inne czynniki zakaźne, jak i choroby niezakaźne.

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