Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) represents a major advancement in diabetes management, offering continuous assessment of interstitial glucose levels and real-time feedback that supports more precise glycemic control. This technology, which can operate as intermittently scanned or real-time systems, provides dynamic insights into glucose fluctuations that conventional methods such as self-monitoring of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) fail to capture. CGM has been shown to enhance metabolic stability, increase time in target range, and reduce the frequency of both hypo- and hyperglycemia. In type 2 diabetes, observational and randomized studies have demonstrated improvements in treatment satisfaction, self-efficacy, and quality of life in addition to glycemic outcomes, while population-level data suggest reductions in hospitalizations and healthcare costs. The use of CGM in prediabetes reveals distinct patterns of glucose variability and may facilitate earlier detection of dysglycemia, though its application in this group remains investigational. Among pediatric patients, CGM supports improved metabolic control and early recognition of nocturnal hypoglycemia, yet challenges related to cost, device adherence, and accessibility persist. In pregnant women with diabetes, continuous monitoring has been associated with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes; however, regulatory approval and standardized guidelines are still lacking. Despite its growing clinical relevance, CGM research remains limited by study heterogeneity, cost considerations, and incomplete evidence regarding long-term cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, current data strongly support its role as an integral component of modern diabetes management across diverse patient populations.