Intestinal intussusception in adults is a rare disorder, occurring in about 5% of cases. In the pediatric population, it is most often idiopathic in origin, while in adults it is associated with pathologies within the intestinal wall. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the need for expanded diagnosis in adult patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal obstruction due to intestinal intussusception. The medical records of a 22-year-old female patient hospitalized in the Department of General Surgery of St. Alexander Hospital in Kielce were analyzed. The patient presented to the hospital with complaints of abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting. She had a history of treatment for Hashimoto’s disease, iron deficiency anemia and gastritis. After initial diagnosis, the patient was transferred to the department of general surgery, where conservative treatment was implemented and gastroscopy was performed. During hospitalization, the patient was consulted in internal medicine due to uncompensated hypothyroidism. Due to lack of improvement, imaging studies were ordered, which revealed a dilated loop of small intestine with suspected intussusception. The patient was qualified for surgery, during which an intussusception of the jejunum was found. Due to the inability to drain the intussusception, a segmental small bowel resection was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a hamartomatous polyp as the cause of the intussusception. Given the overall clinical picture, the patient was referred to the genetic counseling center, where Cowden syndrome was confirmed. Intestinal intussusception, although rare, should be considered as a cause of gastrointestinal obstruction in adults. Identification of the pathological changes that are its cause is crucial to the overall diagnostic and therapeutic process.