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Donanemab – mechanizm działania, skuteczność kliniczna oraz profil bezpieczeństwa w leczeniu choroby Alzheimera we wczesnym stadium
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Szpital Wolski im. dr Anny Gostyńskiej Sp. z o.o., Warszawa, Polska / Dr. Anna Gostyńska Wolski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
 
2
Warszawski Szpital Południowy Sp. z o.o., Polska / Warsaw Southern Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
 
3
Szpital Praski p.w. Przemienienia Pańskiego Sp. z o.o., Warszawa, Polska / Praski Hospital of the Transfiguration of Our Lord, Warsaw, Poland
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Joanna Ciećwierz   

Szpital Wolski im. dr Anny Gostyńskiej, ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 17, 01-211 Warszawa, tel. +48 22 389 47 00
 
 
Ann. Acad. Med. Siles. 2026;80:416-426
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Choroba Alzheimera (Alzheimer’s disease – AD) jest postępującą chorobą neurodegeneracyjną i najczęstszą przyczyną otępienia na świecie. Prowadzi do stopniowego pogorszenia funkcji poznawczych i sprawności intelektualnej, co stanowi istotne obciążenie dla pacjentów, ich rodzin oraz systemów opieki zdrowotnej. Dotychczasowe leczenie koncentrowało się głównie na łagodzeniu objawów, jednak rozwój terapii modyfikujących przebieg choroby otwiera nowe możliwości terapeutyczne. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnej wiedzy na temat donanemabu – humanizowanego przeciwciała monoklonalnego skierowanego przeciwko zmodyfikowanej piroglutaminianem N-końcowej formie amyloidu β, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego mechanizmu działania, farmakokinetyki, skuteczności klinicznej oraz profilu bezpieczeństwa. Przegląd opracowano na podstawie opublikowanych wyników badań klinicznych oraz artykułów przeglądowych dostępnych w medycznych bazach danych. Donanemab wiąże się z blaszkami amyloidowymi i ułatwia ich usuwanie za pośrednictwem mikrogleju. Ponadto wpływa na stężenia biomarkerów, w tym fosforylowanego białka tau 217 oraz kwaśnego białka włókienkowego gleju w osoczu. Farmakokinetyka tego leku charakteryzuje się przewidywalną, zależną od dawki ekspozycją po podaniu dożylnym. W badaniach klinicznych II i III fazy wykazano istotne spowolnienie pogarszania się funkcji poznawczych oraz sprawności funkcjonalnej. Badania z wykorzystaniem pozytonowej tomografii emisyjnej potwierdziły znaczną redukcję złogów amyloidu, obserwowano również zmiany stężeń biomarkerów w osoczu i płynie mózgowo-rdzeniowym. Najczęściej występującymi działaniami niepożądanymi były nieprawidłowości obrazowania strukturalnego związane z amyloidem, które w większości przypadków przebiegały bezobjawowo i ustępowały po odpowiedniej modyfikacji leczenia. W porównaniu z adukanumabem, donanemab prowadzi do szybszego i skuteczniejszego usuwania amyloidu, a jego działanie modyfikujące przebieg choroby jest porównywalne z działaniem lekanemabu. Donanemab stanowi obiecującą opcję terapeutyczną w AD, jednak jego stosowanie wymaga uwzględnienia potencjalnych działań niepożądanych oraz dalszej oceny długoterminowych efektów leczenia.
INFORMACJE O RECENZOWANIU
Sprawdzono w systemie antyplagiatowym
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