Glikozoaminoglikany – rodzaje, struktura, funkcje i rola w procesach gojenia ran
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
 
2
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
 
3
Students’ Research Club at the Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medi-cal University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Paweł Olczyk   

Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec
 
 
Ann. Acad. Med. Siles. 2023;77:204-216
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Glikozoaminoglikany (glycosaminoglycans – GAGs) są grupą heteropolisacharydów, w której skład wchodzą: siarczany chondroityny, siarczany dermatanu, siarczany heparanu, heparyny, siarczany keratanu oraz kwas hialuronowy. GAGs zbudowane są z ujemnie naładowanych łańcuchów polisacharydowych, złożonych z powtarzających się jednostek disacharydowych, do których należą reszty N-acetylowanej heksozoaminy – D-glukozoaminy lub D-galaktozoaminy – albo N-siarczanowanej D-glukozoaminy oraz reszty kwasu heksuronowego – D-glukuronowego lub L-iduronowego – albo galaktozy. Wszystkie GAGs, z wyjątkiem kwasu hialuronowego, posiadają grupę siarczanową oraz tworzą, po przyłączeniu do białek rdzeniowych, proteoglikany (proteoglycans – PGs). GAGs pełnią wiele ważnych biologicznych funkcji, determinujących funkcje PGs. Te ostatnie są obecne we wszystkich rodzajach tkanek, uczestniczą w procesach migracji, proliferacji i różnicowania komórek. Występują głównie w macierzy pozakomórkowej (extracellular matrix – ECM), biorąc udział w organizacji ECM, kształtując jej strukturę i właściwości mechaniczne. Pełnią istotną rolę w utrzymaniu homeostazy, a także wywierają wpływ na szereg procesów metabolicznych, takich jak mineralizacja kości i krzepnięcie krwi. PGs (ze względu na silnie ujemny ładunek łańcuchów glikanowych) biorą udział w selektywnej przepuszczalności błon komórkowych. Składniki ECM, w tym GAGs, odgrywają rolę strukturalno-czynnościową podczas gojenia się uszkodzeń tkankowych. Regulują proces gojenia poprzez stanowienie rezerwuaru i modulatora dla cytokin i czynników wzrostu oraz pełnią funkcje strukturalne poprzez wypełnianie ubytków tkankowych podczas procesu naprawczego.
 
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