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Corynebacterium diphtheriae – niedoceniane zagrożenie? Analiza ryzyka epidemiologicznego błonicy w XXI wieku
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Students’ Scientific Club, Department of Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
 
2
Department of Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Magdalena Sulasz   

Studenckie Koło Naukowe, Katedra i Zakład Medycyny i Epidemiologii Środowiskowej, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu ŚUM, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze
 
 
Ann. Acad. Med. Siles. 2025;1(nr specj.):21-30
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Błonica (dyfteryt) to potencjalnie ciężka choroba zakaźna wywoływana przez Corynebacterium diphtheriae, której głównym czynnikiem chorobotwórczym jest toksyna błonicza. W ostatnich latach, mimo znacznego ograniczenia liczby zachorowań dzięki szczepieniom ochronnym, obserwuje się ponowny wzrost liczby przypadków, co wskazuje na utrzymujące się zagrożenie epidemiologiczne. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu zagrożenia epidemiologicznego błonicą oraz ocena, czy w świetle współczesnej wiedzy medycznej i aktualnych statystyk dotyczących szczepień zagrożenie to pozostaje istotne zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie. Przeprowadzono przegląd narracyjny literatury z lat 2000–2024, korzystając z baz PubMed, Scopus i Google Scholar, a także dokumentów WHO i CDC. Analizie poddano dane naukowe, kliniczne i epidemiologiczne pod kątem ich znaczenia i przydatności dla zdrowia publicznego. Błonica nadal niesie ryzyko poważnych powikłań kardiologicznych i neurologicznych, zwłaszcza w populacjach z obniżoną odpornością zbiorowiskową. Skuteczna profilaktyka wymaga wczesnej diagnostyki, szybkiego leczenia (antytoksyna i antybiotykoterapia) oraz wysokiego poziomu wyszczepienia. Choć obecnie błonica występuje rzadziej, nie należy jej lekceważyć. Działania edukacyjne, profilaktyczne i epidemio-logiczne są niezbędne, by zapobiec jej nawrotom. Szczepienia pozostają najskuteczniejszą formą ochrony.
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